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SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF ODONTOCLASTS IN THE ROOT RESORPTION OF HUMAN DECIDUOUS TOOTH

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Abstract

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The process of resorption of deciduous teeth occurs in the granulation tissues
containing the odontoclast and the mesenchymal cells, such as macrophage, fibroblast,
and cementoblast. The composition of these cells are known to be different according to
the status of the resorption. Nevertheless three dimensional structure of functional
undersurface of the odontoclasts, the main cells in the resorption of dental hard tissues,
has not been studied due to the intimate contact between cell and matrix and its
consequent difficulty in distinction. Also few articles concerning the surface
characteristics of differentiating odontoclasts are reported. The purpose of this
investigation aim to observe the changes in the three dimensional structure of
odontoclasts in the process of differentiation, by making comparative studies about the
cellular composition of the resorption surface, the three dimensional structure of the
odontoclast, and the morphological patterns of mononuclear cells around odontoclast in
various status of root resorption.
To do this study, we removed the granulation tissues from the extracted deciduous
teeth by its enzymatic digestion. Moreover the dorsal surface of the cells on the
resorption surface and its ventral surface which was exposed by the dettachment using
adhesive tape on the dorsal surface, were observed in the scanning electron microscope.
Results were as follows.
1. In the initiation phase of resorption, the isolated lacunae were often found and the
mononuclear cells were in the various stages of cell fusion. The dot-like elevations were
observed on the surface of cell process in the completion of fusion
2. In the formation phase of odontoclast, a group of lacunae were joined and they
were covered with the mononuclear cells showing the extensive cell fusion and
occasional odontoclast. The short different forms of processes were found in the
undersurface of mononuclear cells, and finger-like projections of low density in the
ventral surface of odontoclast.
3. The development phase of odontoclast, when the odontoclast occupied the most part
of the resorption surface, was characterized by the mononuclear cell fusion in the dorsal
surface of odontoclast. The undersurface of odontoclasts was covered with the
finger-like processes and a few leaf-like ones.
4. The odontoclasts and many monounclear cells covered the resorption surface of the
root in the maturation phase of odontoclasts. The mononuclear cells in the round
concavity of the cytoplasmic margin of odontoclast were connected to the odontoclast
through the filipodia. In the functional undersurface of odontoclast, the well developed
leaf-like projections were observed in high density, and tile surface of these projections
cowered with a series of elevated structures was speculated to be composed by the
integral membrane proteins.
The flat surfaces, located marginally, were also found in the form of patch
In addition, the mononuclear cells had the undersurface covered with the bleb-like
processes.
Taken all together, the odontoclasts were formed by the fusion of mononuclear
precursors and those were developed through the fusion of mononuclear cells in the
dorsal surface. Furthermore, it was supposed that the differentiation of odontoclasts were
closely related to the status of root resorption, in terms that the ruffles in the functional
undersruface of odontoclast were differentiated from the finger-like to the leaf-like
forms. Conclusively, the mononuclear cells surrounding the odontoclast were thought to
exchange informations about the resorption with the edontoclast, but further studies at
the molecular level remains to confirm it.

Å°¿öµå

odontoclast; differentiation; root resorption; scanning electron microscope;

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